{"id":8523,"date":"2013-11-18T15:30:21","date_gmt":"2013-11-18T15:30:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/?page_id=8523"},"modified":"2026-03-28T10:28:36","modified_gmt":"2026-03-28T15:28:36","slug":"mitosis","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/mitosis\/","title":{"rendered":"Mitosis"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\t\t\t<div id=\"mmDeferVideoEncompass_DYE2coE86DA\" style=\"position: relative;\">\n\t\t\t<picture>\n\t\t\t\t<source srcset=\"https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/circle-play-duotone.webp\" type=\"image\/webp\">\n\t\t\t\t<source srcset=\"https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/circle-play-duotone.png\" type=\"image\/jpeg\"> \n\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"eager\" id=\"videoThumbnailImage_DYE2coE86DA\" data-source-videoID=\"DYE2coE86DA\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/circle-play-duotone.png\" alt=\"Mitosis Video\" height=\"464\" width=\"825\" class=\"size-full\" data-matomo-title = \"Mitosis\">\n\t\t\t<\/picture>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<style>img#videoThumbnailImage_DYE2coE86DA:hover {cursor:pointer;} img#videoThumbnailImage_DYE2coE86DA {background-size:contain;background-image:url(\"https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/764-mitosis-2.webp\");}<\/style>\n\t\t\t<script defer>\n\t\t\t  jQuery(\"img#videoThumbnailImage_DYE2coE86DA\").click(function() {\n\t\t\t\tlet videoId = jQuery(this).attr(\"data-source-videoID\");\n\t\t\t\tlet helpTag = '<div id=\"mmDeferVideoYTMessage_DYE2coE86DA\" style=\"display: none;position: absolute;top: -24px;width: 100%;text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-style: italic;font-size: small;border-top: 1px solid #fc0;\">Having trouble? <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v='+videoId+'\" target=\"_blank\">Click here to watch on YouTube.<\/a><\/span><\/div>';\n\t\t\t\tlet tag = document.createElement(\"iframe\");\n\t\t\t\ttag.id = \"yt\" + videoId;\n\t\t\t\ttag.src = \"https:\/\/www.youtube-nocookie.com\/embed\/\" + videoId + \"?autoplay=1&controls=1&wmode=opaque&rel=0&egm=0&iv_load_policy=3&hd=0&enablejsapi=1\";\n\t\t\t\ttag.frameborder = 0;\n\t\t\t\ttag.allow = \"autoplay; fullscreen\";\n\t\t\t\ttag.width = this.width;\n\t\t\t\ttag.height = this.height;\n\t\t\t\ttag.setAttribute(\"data-matomo-title\",\"Mitosis\");\n\t\t\t\tjQuery(\"div#mmDeferVideoEncompass_DYE2coE86DA\").html(tag);\n\t\t\t\tjQuery(\"div#mmDeferVideoEncompass_DYE2coE86DA\").prepend(helpTag);\n\t\t\t\tsetTimeout(function(){jQuery(\"div#mmDeferVideoYTMessage_DYE2coE86DA\").css(\"display\", \"block\");}, 2000);\n\t\t\t  });\n\t\t\t  \n\t\t\t<\/script>\n\t\t\n<p><script>\nfunction nyo_Function() {\n  var x = document.getElementById(\"nyo\");\n  if (x.style.display === \"none\") {\n    x.style.display = \"block\";\n  } else {\n    x.style.display = \"none\";\n  }\n}\n<\/script><\/p>\n<div class=\"moc-toc hide-on-desktop hide-on-tablet\">\n<div><button onclick=\"nyo_Function()\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/toc2.svg\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" alt=\"show or hide table of contents\"><\/button><\/p>\n<p>On this page<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<nav id=\"nyo\" style=\"display:none;\">\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toc-h2\"><a href=\"#Stages_of_Mitosis\" class=\"smooth-scroll\">Stages of Mitosis<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toc-h2\"><a href=\"#Review\" class=\"smooth-scroll\">Review<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toc-h2\"><a href=\"#Frequently_Asked_Questions\" class=\"smooth-scroll\">Frequently Asked Questions<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/nav>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"accordion\"><input id=\"transcript\" type=\"checkbox\" class=\"spoiler_button\" \/><label for=\"transcript\">Transcript<\/label><input id=\"FAQs\" type=\"checkbox\" class=\"spoiler_button\" \/><label for=\"FAQs\">FAQs<\/label>\n<div class=\"spoiler\" id=\"transcript-spoiler\">\n<p>Hi, and welcome to this video on mitosis!<\/p>\n<p>The <strong>cell cycle<\/strong> is continuous and occurs so that cells can grow, regenerate, or repair themselves. <strong>Mitosis<\/strong> is one of the specific stages of the cell cycle where cells prepare to divide. In order to do this successfully, cells must evenly split their genetic material, or DNA, between each cell. Mitosis only occurs in somatic cells, meaning all the cells in your body except for sex cells. It\u2019s important to remember that before cells undergo mitosis, they replicate their genetic material so that each daughter cell has the same genetic material as the parent cell. <\/p>\n<p>Let\u2019s take a second to talk about chromosomes. <a class=\"ylist\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/chromosomes\/\">Chromosomes<\/a> are condensed strands of DNA. They are divided into two sister <strong>chromatids<\/strong> held together by their <strong>centromere<\/strong>. However, as we\u2019ll see next, DNA is only organized like this for certain parts of the mitotic process. <\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"Stages_of_Mitosis\" class=\"m-toc-anchor\"><\/span>Stages of Mitosis<\/h2>\n<p>\nSo to make this simpler, we divide mitosis into four phases that happen in the following order: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase or PMAT if that helps you remember. Let\u2019s look at this a little closer: <\/p>\n<p>We start with a somatic cell since that\u2019s the kind of cell that will undergo mitosis. Our cell is a human diploid cell which means it has two sets of chromosomes, one set of 23 from our mother and one set of 23 from our father. This is true for all somatic cells in our body. Sometimes you\u2019ll see the shorthand for diploid as \u201c2n.\u201d In order to maintain the number of chromosomes in our cells, the cell replicates its <a class=\"ylist\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/dna\/\">DNA<\/a> before mitosis. So let\u2019s remember this as we look at the rest of the phases. <\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"Prophase\" class=\"m-toc-anchor\"><\/span>Prophase<\/h3>\n<p>\nDuring prophase, the cell\u2019s nuclear membrane dissolves and the chromosomes start to condense. <strong>Microtubules<\/strong> extending from centrioles on both sides of the cell also begin to form. Together they form a spindle apparatus called the centrosome that will eventually help move the chromosomes into place.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Prophase.png\" alt=\"Prophase diagram\" width=\"311\" height=\"311\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-105593\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Prophase.png 311w, https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Prophase-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Prophase-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 311px) 100vw, 311px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"Metaphase\" class=\"m-toc-anchor\"><\/span>Metaphase<\/h3>\n<p>\nNext, the cell will move into metaphase, where the microtubules attach to the centromeres of chromosomes causing the chromosomes to line up along the equator of the cell. <\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Metaphase.png\" alt=\"Metaphase Diagram\" width=\"311\" height=\"311\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-105605\" \/><\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"Anaphase\" class=\"m-toc-anchor\"><\/span>Anaphase<\/h3>\n<p>\nNow the cell is ready to enter anaphase. During this phase, chromosomes get pulled apart into their sister chromatids and move to opposite ends of the cell. The <strong>plasma membrane<\/strong> also starts to indent to prepare for the actual division of the cell. As a side note, we can now refer to these individual sister chromatids as independent chromosomes. Don\u2019t worry about this too much, but just be aware of the terminology here. <\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Anaphase.png\" alt=\"Anaphase Diagram\" width=\"400\" height=\"311\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-105602\" \/><\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"Telophase\" class=\"m-toc-anchor\"><\/span>Telophase<\/h3>\n<p>\nLastly, there\u2019s telophase. The chromosomes relax, the spindle apparatus disassembles, and the nuclear membrane reforms in each end of the cell. Lastly, the plasma membrane of the cell develops an even deeper furrow that will end up dividing the cell down the middle. The process where the cell actually divides itself in two is called <strong>cytokinesis<\/strong>, but this process stands by itself\u2013mitosis formally finishes up with telophase. <\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Telophase.png\" alt=\"Telophase diagram\" width=\"400\" height=\"311\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-105596\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Let\u2019s look at the end result a little closer. Remember how we started with a diploid cell with 46 total chromosomes? We\u2019ve ended up with two diploid cells also with 46 chromosomes total. These cells are called daughter cells and are identical to the one we started with.<\/p>\n<hr>\n<h2><span id=\"Review\" class=\"m-toc-anchor\"><\/span>Review<\/h2>\n<p>\nBefore we go, let\u2019s look at a review question:<\/p>\n<p>During what phase of mitosis do the chromosomes line up along the equator of the cell?<\/p>\n<ol style=\"list-style: upper-alpha;\">\n<li>Prophase<\/li>\n<li>Anaphase<\/li>\n<li>Metaphase<\/li>\n<li>Telophase<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div style=\"text-align: center; margin-bottom: 20px;\"><button class=\"buttontranscript\" onClick=\"toggle('Answer1')\">Show Answer<\/button><\/div>\n<div id=\"Answer1\" style=\"display:none; box-shadow: 1.5px 1.5px 5px grey; background-color:#E0E0E0; padding: 30px; padding-bottom: 15px; width: 60%; margin: auto; text-align: center;\">\n<strong>The answer is C, metaphase.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">All the microtubules attach to the centromeres of the chromosomes and pull them to the center of the cell so that we get an equal number of chromosomes when the cell undergoes cytokinesis.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\nThanks for watching, and happy studying!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spoiler\" id=\"FAQs-spoiler\">\n<h2 style=\"text-align:center\"><span id=\"Frequently_Asked_Questions\" class=\"m-toc-anchor\"><\/span>Frequently Asked Questions<\/h2>\n<div class=\"faq-list\">\n<div class=\"qa_wrap\">\n<div class=\"q_item text_bold\">\n<h4 class=\"letter\">Q<\/h4>\n<p style=\"line-height: unset;\">What is mitosis?<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"a_item\">\n<h4 class=\"letter text_bold\">A<\/h4>\n<p>Mitosis is the division of a body cell into two daughter cells. The typical result of mitosis in humans is two diploid cells. A diploid cell contains both sets of homologous chromosomes, therefore each of the two produced cells has the same set of chromosomes as the parent. <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"qa_wrap\">\n<div class=\"q_item text_bold\">\n<h4 class=\"letter\">Q<\/h4>\n<p style=\"line-height: unset;\">What is the purpose of mitosis?<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"a_item\">\n<h4 class=\"letter text_bold\">A<\/h4>\n<p>The purpose of mitosis is to produce two new daughters cells that are genetically identical. The process of mitosis is used to replace dying or damaged cells, allow an organism to grow\/develop, and for asexual reproduction. <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"qa_wrap\">\n<div class=\"q_item text_bold\">\n<h4 class=\"letter\">Q<\/h4>\n<p style=\"line-height: unset;\">How many daughter cells are produced in mitosis?<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"a_item\">\n<h4 class=\"letter text_bold\">A<\/h4>\n<p>Two diploid daughter cells are produced from the process of mitosis. A diploid cell contains both sets of homologous chromosomes, therefore each of the two produced cells has the same set of chromosomes as the parent. <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"qa_wrap\">\n<div class=\"q_item text_bold\">\n<h4 class=\"letter\">Q<\/h4>\n<p style=\"line-height: unset;\">Where does mitosis occur?<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"a_item\">\n<h4 class=\"letter text_bold\">A<\/h4>\n<p>Mitosis occurs in somatic cells, or body cells.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"qa_wrap\">\n<div class=\"q_item text_bold\">\n<h4 class=\"letter\">Q<\/h4>\n<p style=\"line-height: unset;\">Is mitosis asexual?<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"a_item\">\n<h4 class=\"letter text_bold\">A<\/h4>\n<p>Mitosis is an asexual cell division process. <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"qa_wrap\">\n<div class=\"q_item text_bold\">\n<h4 class=\"letter\">Q<\/h4>\n<p style=\"line-height: unset;\">What are the phases of mitosis?<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"a_item\">\n<h4 class=\"letter text_bold\">A<\/h4>\n<p>Mitosis consists of 4 main phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.<br \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Stages-of-Mitosis.png\" alt=\"Stages of Mitosis\" width=\"2173\" height=\"1225\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-105608\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Stages-of-Mitosis.png 2173w, https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Stages-of-Mitosis-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Stages-of-Mitosis-1024x577.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Stages-of-Mitosis-768x433.png 768w, https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Stages-of-Mitosis-1536x866.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Stages-of-Mitosis-2048x1155.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2173px) 100vw, 2173px\" \/><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"qa_wrap\">\n<div class=\"q_item text_bold\">\n<h4 class=\"letter\">Q<\/h4>\n<p style=\"line-height: unset;\">What types of cells undergo mitosis?<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"a_item\">\n<h4 class=\"letter text_bold\">A<\/h4>\n<p>All eukaryotics cells undergo mitosis; this includes animals, plants, and fungi. <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"home-buttons\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/biology\/\">Return to Biology Videos<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><script>\nfunction toggle(obj) {\n          var obj=document.getElementById(obj);\n          if (obj.style.display == \"block\") obj.style.display = \"none\";\n          else obj.style.display = \"block\";\n}\n<\/script><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Return to Biology Videos<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":99883,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":{"0":"post-8523","1":"page","2":"type-page","3":"status-publish","4":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"page_category-biological-processes-videos","7":"page_category-cell-biology-videos","8":"page_category-health-promotion-and-maintenance","9":"page_type-video","10":"subject_matter-science"},"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO Pro 4.9.8 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Mitosis is a specific stage of the cell cycle where cells prepare to divide. 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