{"id":32242,"date":"2017-07-27T18:44:36","date_gmt":"2017-07-27T18:44:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/?page_id=32242"},"modified":"2026-03-25T12:38:59","modified_gmt":"2026-03-25T17:38:59","slug":"lab-values","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/lab-values\/","title":{"rendered":"Common Lab Values You Need to Know"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\t\t\t<div id=\"mmDeferVideoEncompass_Hc8bGu7-yys\" style=\"position: relative;\">\n\t\t\t<picture>\n\t\t\t\t<source srcset=\"https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/circle-play-duotone.webp\" type=\"image\/webp\">\n\t\t\t\t<source srcset=\"https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/circle-play-duotone.png\" type=\"image\/jpeg\"> \n\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"eager\" id=\"videoThumbnailImage_Hc8bGu7-yys\" data-source-videoID=\"Hc8bGu7-yys\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/circle-play-duotone.png\" alt=\"Common Lab Values You Need to Know Video\" height=\"464\" width=\"825\" class=\"size-full\" data-matomo-title = \"Common Lab Values You Need to Know\">\n\t\t\t<\/picture>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<style>img#videoThumbnailImage_Hc8bGu7-yys:hover {cursor:pointer;} img#videoThumbnailImage_Hc8bGu7-yys {background-size:contain;background-image:url(\"https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/updated-common-lab-values-you-need-to-know-64a83d4b3c1ad-1.webp\");}<\/style>\n\t\t\t<script defer>\n\t\t\t  jQuery(\"img#videoThumbnailImage_Hc8bGu7-yys\").click(function() {\n\t\t\t\tlet videoId = jQuery(this).attr(\"data-source-videoID\");\n\t\t\t\tlet helpTag = '<div id=\"mmDeferVideoYTMessage_Hc8bGu7-yys\" style=\"display: none;position: absolute;top: -24px;width: 100%;text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-style: italic;font-size: small;border-top: 1px solid #fc0;\">Having trouble? <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v='+videoId+'\" target=\"_blank\">Click here to watch on YouTube.<\/a><\/span><\/div>';\n\t\t\t\tlet tag = document.createElement(\"iframe\");\n\t\t\t\ttag.id = \"yt\" + videoId;\n\t\t\t\ttag.src = \"https:\/\/www.youtube-nocookie.com\/embed\/\" + videoId + \"?autoplay=1&controls=1&wmode=opaque&rel=0&egm=0&iv_load_policy=3&hd=0&enablejsapi=1\";\n\t\t\t\ttag.frameborder = 0;\n\t\t\t\ttag.allow = \"autoplay; fullscreen\";\n\t\t\t\ttag.width = this.width;\n\t\t\t\ttag.height = this.height;\n\t\t\t\ttag.setAttribute(\"data-matomo-title\",\"Common Lab Values You Need to Know\");\n\t\t\t\tjQuery(\"div#mmDeferVideoEncompass_Hc8bGu7-yys\").html(tag);\n\t\t\t\tjQuery(\"div#mmDeferVideoEncompass_Hc8bGu7-yys\").prepend(helpTag);\n\t\t\t\tsetTimeout(function(){jQuery(\"div#mmDeferVideoYTMessage_Hc8bGu7-yys\").css(\"display\", \"block\");}, 2000);\n\t\t\t  });\n\t\t\t  \n\t\t\t<\/script>\n\t\t\n<p><script>\nfunction Io3_Function() {\n  var x = document.getElementById(\"Io3\");\n  if (x.style.display === \"none\") {\n    x.style.display = \"block\";\n  } else {\n    x.style.display = \"none\";\n  }\n}\n<\/script><\/p>\n<div class=\"moc-toc hide-on-desktop hide-on-tablet\">\n<div><button onclick=\"Io3_Function()\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/toc2.svg\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" alt=\"show or hide table of contents\"><\/button><\/p>\n<p>On this page<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<nav id=\"Io3\" style=\"display:none;\">\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toc-h2\"><a href=\"#Understanding_Diagnostic_Lab_Tests\" class=\"smooth-scroll\">Understanding Diagnostic Lab Tests<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toc-h2\"><a href=\"#Complete_Blood_Count_(CBC)\" class=\"smooth-scroll\">Complete Blood Count (CBC)<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toc-h2\"><a href=\"#Glycosylated_Hemoglobin_for_Diabetes\" class=\"smooth-scroll\">Glycosylated Hemoglobin for Diabetes<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toc-h2\"><a href=\"#Lipid_Profile_for_Heart_Disease_Risk\" class=\"smooth-scroll\">Lipid Profile for Heart Disease Risk<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toc-h2\"><a href=\"#Comprehensive_Metabolic_Panel_(CMP)\" class=\"smooth-scroll\">Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP)<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toc-h2\"><a href=\"#Coagulation_Studies\" class=\"smooth-scroll\">Coagulation Studies<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toc-h2\"><a href=\"#Arterial_Blood_Gas_Analysis\" class=\"smooth-scroll\">Arterial Blood Gas Analysis<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toc-h2\"><a href=\"#Frequently_Asked_Questions\" class=\"smooth-scroll\">Frequently Asked Questions<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/nav>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"accordion\"><input id=\"transcript\" type=\"checkbox\" class=\"spoiler_button\" \/><label for=\"transcript\">Transcript<\/label><input id=\"FAQs\" type=\"checkbox\" class=\"spoiler_button\" \/><label for=\"FAQs\">FAQs<\/label>\n<div class=\"spoiler\" id=\"transcript-spoiler\">\n<p>Welcome to this video tutorial on lab values!<\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"Understanding_Diagnostic_Lab_Tests\" class=\"m-toc-anchor\"><\/span>Understanding Diagnostic Lab Tests<\/h2>\n<p>\nDiagnostic lab tests help determine a patient\u2019s condition, therefore it is important for nurses to be knowledgeable about the different tests and their values in order to make informed clinical decisions. We\u2019re going to look at some common lab values that every nurse needs to be familiar with. Be aware that the normal values, or reference ranges, I\u2019ve listed are just a guide, as the ranges vary from one lab to another.<\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"Complete_Blood_Count_(CBC)\" class=\"m-toc-anchor\"><\/span>Complete Blood Count (CBC)<\/h2>\n<p>\nA <strong>complete blood count (CBC)<\/strong> gives an overview of a patient\u2019s general health status by providing information about the cells in a patient\u2019s blood. It includes red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), platelets, hemoglobin (Hgb), and hematocrit (Hct).<\/p>\n<p>The normal range of RBCs for males is 4.5-5.5 million\/\u03bcL, the range for females is 4.0-4.9.<\/p>\n<p>WBCs should range between 4-10.5 thousand\/\u03bcL.<\/p>\n<p>Platelets range from 140-400 thousand\/\u03bcL.<\/p>\n<p>The normal range for hemoglobin is 13-17 g\/dL for males and 12-15 g\/dL for females.<\/p>\n<p>Hematocrit is the ratio of the volume of RBCs to the total volume of blood. In males, it ranges from 41%-50% and females range from 36%-44%.<\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"Glycosylated_Hemoglobin_for_Diabetes\" class=\"m-toc-anchor\"><\/span>Glycosylated Hemoglobin for Diabetes<\/h2>\n<p>\nAnother common hematology test is the <strong>glycosylated hemoglobin (HgbA1C)<\/strong>, which measures the average level of blood glucose over the previous 3 months. It is used to screen for and diagnose <a class=ylist\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/diabetes-complications\/\">diabetes<\/a> and prediabetes in adults. A nondiabetic person should have a result less than 5.7%. 5.7%-6.4% indicates an increased risk for diabetes. An A1C level of 6.5% or greater is consistent with diabetes.<\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"Lipid_Profile_for_Heart_Disease_Risk\" class=\"m-toc-anchor\"><\/span>Lipid Profile for Heart Disease Risk<\/h2>\n<p>\nA <strong>lipid profile<\/strong> is used to help predict a patient\u2019s risk of developing heart disease. The total cholesterol measures all of the cholesterol in all the lipoprotein particles and the desirable range is less than 200 mg\/dL. <\/p>\n<p>The low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol measures the cholesterol in LDL particles and is called the \u201cbad cholesterol\u201d because it is the main source of cholesterol buildup and blockage in the arteries, contributing to atherosclerosis. LDL should be less than 100 mg\/dL. The high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol measures the cholesterol in HDL particles and is called \u201cgood\u201d because it helps remove cholesterol from the arteries. It should be 60 mg\/dL and higher to be considered protective against heart disease.<\/p>\n<p>You can remember \u2018H\u2019 for \u2018Happy\u2019 HDL. Triglycerides measures all the triglycerides in all the lipoprotein particles and should be less than 150 mg\/dL.<\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"Comprehensive_Metabolic_Panel_(CMP)\" class=\"m-toc-anchor\"><\/span>Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP)<\/h2>\n<p>\nThe comprehensive metabolic panel (CMP) is a panel of 14 blood tests that provide a screening of kidney and liver function, diabetic and parathyroid status, and <a class=\"ylist\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/fluid-and-electrolytes\/\">electrolyte and fluid<\/a> balance. The CMP is an expanded version of the basic metabolic panel (BMP), which does not include liver tests.<\/p>\n<p>The individual tests on the CMP include:<\/p>\n<div class=\"transcriptcallout\" style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<ul style=\"margin-left: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px;\">\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 12px;\"><strong>Glucose<\/strong>, which should be below 100 mg\/dL, ranging between 70-99<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 12px;\"><strong>Calcium<\/strong> measures the amount of free calcium in the blood, ranging from 8.5-10.9 mEq\/L<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 12px;\"><strong>Albumin<\/strong> is a protein made by the liver that keeps fluid from leaking out of blood vessels, nourishes tissues, and transports hormones, vitamins, and drugs throughout the body. Normal range is from 3.4-5.0 g\/dL.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Total protein<\/strong> provides general information about a person\u2019s nutritional status and conditions involving major organs, such as the kidney and liver. Normal range is 6.1-8.1 g\/dL.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"CMP_Electrolytes\" class=\"m-toc-anchor\"><\/span>CMP: Electrolytes<\/h3>\n<p>\nElectrolytes in the CMP include sodium, potassium, total CO2 (bicarbonate), and chloride. Electrolyte measurements help investigate conditions that cause electrolyte imbalances such as dehydration, kidney disease, lung diseases, or heart conditions.<\/p>\n<div class=\"transcriptcallout\" style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<ul style=\"margin-left: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px;\">\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 12px;\"><strong>Sodium<\/strong> is mainly found in extracellular fluid, where it helps regulate the amount of water in the body. The normal range is 135-145 mEq\/L.<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 12px;\"><strong>Potassium<\/strong> is mainly found inside the body\u2019s cells, with a small portion in the plasma. Small changes in the potassium level can affect the heart\u2019s rhythm and ability to contract. Normal range is 3.5-5.5 mEq\/L.<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 12px;\"><strong>Chloride<\/strong> moves in and out of the cells to help maintain acid-base balance. Normal range is 95-105 mEq\/L.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Bicarbonate (total CO2)<\/strong> is released and reabsorbed by the kidneys and helps maintain a stable pH level. Normal range is 22-26 mEq\/L.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"CMP_Kidney_Function_Tests\" class=\"m-toc-anchor\"><\/span>CMP: Kidney Function Tests<\/h3>\n<p>\nTests specific to the kidney include <strong>BUN (blood urea nitrogen)<\/strong> and <strong>creatinine.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The BUN test evaluates kidney function. Urea is a waste product formed in the liver when protein is metabolized. When urea is released into the blood, it is carried to the kidneys, where it is filtered out of the blood and released into the urine. If the kidneys are not properly filtering wastes out of the blood, the level of urea in the blood will rise. Normal range for BUN is 8-21 mg\/dL.<\/p>\n<p>Creatinine is also an indicator of how well the kidneys are working. Creatinine is a waste product produced by muscles breaking down creatine, which is then filtered from the blood by the kidneys and released in the urine. Normal creatinine blood level is 0.8-1.3 mg\/dL.<\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"CMP_Liver_Function_Tests\" class=\"m-toc-anchor\"><\/span>CMP: Liver Function Tests<\/h3>\n<p>\nTests specific to the liver include <strong>ALP<\/strong>, <strong>ALT<\/strong>, <strong>AST<\/strong>, and <strong>bilirubin<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>ALP, or alkaline phosphatase, is an enzyme found in the liver and bones and is used to help detect liver disease or bone disorders. Normal range is 25-100 U\/L.<\/p>\n<p>ALT, alanine amino transferase, is an enzyme found mostly in liver and kidney cells. When the liver is damaged, ALT is released into the blood, making this blood test useful for early detection of liver damage. The normal range is 7-56 U\/L.<\/p>\n<p>AST, aspartate aminotransferase, is an enzyme found in liver, muscle, and other tissues and is usually ordered along with the ALT to detect liver damage. It has a normal range of 10-40 U\/L.<\/p>\n<p>Bilirubin is an orange-yellow pigment made during the normal breakdown of red blood cells. It is processed by the liver to allow for elimination from the body. If there is an acceleration of the breakdown of RBCs or the processing and elimination process is affected, there may be an elevated blood level of bilirubin.<\/p>\n<p>There are two forms of bilirubin that can be measured: unconjugated bilirubin and conjugated bilirubin. The total bilirubin includes unconjugated plus conjugated and has a reference range of 0.2-1.2 mg\/dL. If the total bilirubin is increased, a direct bilirubin gives an estimate of the amount of conjugated bilirubin present, and ranges from 0.1-0.4 mg\/dL. The indirect bilirubin gives the amount of unconjugated bilirubin, which should range from 0.0-1.1 mg\/dL.<\/p>\n<p>We\u2019ve now covered all 14 tests on the CMP.<\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"Coagulation_Studies\" class=\"m-toc-anchor\"><\/span>Coagulation Studies<\/h2>\n<p>\nNow let\u2019s look at a brief overview of coagulation studies. You can get a more detailed explanation of these on our videos, \u2018Warfarin as an anticoagulant\u2019 and \u2018Heparin as an anticoagulant.\u2019<\/p>\n<p><strong>Prothrombin time (PT)<\/strong> measures the number of seconds it takes blood plasma to clot. It evaluates the efficiency of the extrinsic pathway and is used to monitor coumadin therapy. The reference range is 9.5-13.5 seconds.<\/p>\n<p>The <strong>INR<\/strong> (International Normalized Ratio) is a calculation based on results of the PT and is used to monitor patients on warfarin\/coumadin therapy. The normal range is less than 1.3 and the therapy range is 2-3, with a high INR indicating a higher risk of bleeding, and a low INR suggesting a higher risk of developing a clot. The INR can be used to adjust the patient\u2019s drug dosage to get the PT into the desired range.<\/p>\n<p>The PT is usually performed with a <strong>partial thromboplastin time (PTT)<\/strong> and together they assess the amount &amp; function of coagulation factors. PTT is called \u2018partial\u2019 because of the absence of tissue factor. The <strong>activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)<\/strong> tests for the same functions as PTT, but is more sensitive and results in a narrower reference range. It is most commonly used to monitor heparin therapy, with the reference range for PTT at 60-70 seconds and aPTT at 30-40 seconds. The PTT\/aPTT evaluates the function of the intrinsic clotting system.<\/p>\n<p>If you like mnemonics, remember PeT PiTT bull for PT evaluating the extrinsic pathway and PTT for the intrinsic pathway. Also, remember the \u2018sum of ten\u2019: PT is used to monitor coumadin therapy &amp; the letters add up to 10. PTT is used to monitor heparin therapy &amp; those letters add up to 10 also.<\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"Arterial_Blood_Gas_Analysis\" class=\"m-toc-anchor\"><\/span>Arterial Blood Gas Analysis<\/h2>\n<p>\nABG\u2019s (arterial blood gas) measurements are used to evaluate lung function and acid\/base balance. An imbalance may occur with heart failure, kidney failure, uncontrolled diabetes, severe infections, and drug overdose.<\/p>\n<p>Arterial blood pH should range between 7.35-7.45. Acidic blood has a lower pH, whereas alkaline blood has a higher pH. PaCO2 is the partial pressure of carbon dioxide and ranges from 35-45 mmHg. When it is out of range, it always indicates a respiratory issue. HCO3 (bicarbonate) ranges from 22-26 mEq\/L, and when it is out of range, it always indicates a metabolic issue. PaO2, the partial pressure of oxygen, is 80-100 mmHg, and SaO2 is the oxygen saturation, ranging from 95-100%.<\/p>\n<p>When studying acid-base imbalances, it is helpful to remember ROME &#8211; Respiratory Opposite, Metabolic Equal. Both respiratory acidosis and alkalosis have arrows going in the opposite direction for pH and CO2. Metabolic acidosis has both arrows going down, metabolic alkalosis has both arrows going up. For a more detailed explanation, see our video on <a class=\"ylist\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/blood-gases\/\">blood gases<\/a>.<\/p>\n<table class=\"ATable\" style=\"border:none; width: 80%; margin: auto;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-right: 0px; border-left:0px; border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px\"><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"5\" style=\"border-right: 0px; border-left:0px; border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px; width: 2%;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color: #FFCC00; border-right: 0px;\"><strong>ABG<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color: #FFCC00; border-right: 0px; width: 10%;\"><strong>pH<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color: #FFCC00; border-right: 0px;\"><strong>PaCO<sub>2<\/sub><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color: #FFCC00;\"><strong>HCO<sub>3<\/sub><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"4\" style=\"border-right: 0px; border-left:0px; border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px; line-height: 30px; text-align: left;\"><strong>R<\/strong>espiratory<br \/>\n<strong>O<\/strong>pposite<br \/>\n<strong>M<\/strong>etabolic<br \/>\n<strong>E<\/strong>qual<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-right: 0px; border-bottom: 0px;\">Respiratory Acidosis<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-right: 0px; border-bottom: 0px;\">&darr;<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-right: 0px; border-bottom: 0px;\">&uarr;<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 0px;\">normal<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-right: 0px; border-bottom: 0px;\">Respiratory Alkalosis<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-right: 0px; border-bottom: 0px;\">&uarr;<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-right: 0px; border-bottom: 0px;\">&darr;<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 0px;\">normal<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-right: 0px; border-bottom: 0px;\">Metabolic Acidosis<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-right: 0px; border-bottom: 0px;\">&darr;<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-right: 0px; border-bottom: 0px;\">normal<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom: 0px;\">&darr;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-right: 0px;\">Metabolic Alkalosis<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-right: 0px;\">&uarr;<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-right: 0px;\">normal<\/td>\n<td>&uarr;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\nThank you for watching this video on lab values!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spoiler\" id=\"FAQs-spoiler\">\n<h2 style=\"text-align:center\">Frequently Asked Questions<\/h2>\n<div class=\"faq-list\">\n<div class=\"qa_wrap\">\n<div class=\"q_item text_bold\">\n<h4 class=\"letter\">Q<\/h4>\n<p style=\"line-height: unset;\">What is the normal range for red blood cells?<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"a_item\">\n<h4 class=\"letter text_bold\">A<\/h4>\n<p>The normal range for red blood cells in males is 4.5-5.5 million\/\u03bcL and in females is 4.0-4.9 million\/\u03bcL.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"qa_wrap\">\n<div class=\"q_item text_bold\">\n<h4 class=\"letter\">Q<\/h4>\n<p style=\"line-height: unset;\">What is the normal range for white blood cells?<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"a_item\">\n<h4 class=\"letter text_bold\">A<\/h4>\n<p>The normal range for white blood cells is 4-10.5 thousand\/\u03bcL. <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"qa_wrap\">\n<div class=\"q_item text_bold\">\n<h4 class=\"letter\">Q<\/h4>\n<p style=\"line-height: unset;\">What is the normal range for platelets?<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"a_item\">\n<h4 class=\"letter text_bold\">A<\/h4>\n<p>The normal range for platelets is 140-400 thousand\/\u03bcL.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"qa_wrap\">\n<div class=\"q_item text_bold\">\n<h4 class=\"letter\">Q<\/h4>\n<p style=\"line-height: unset;\">What is the normal range for hemoglobin?<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"a_item\">\n<h4 class=\"letter text_bold\">A<\/h4>\n<p>The normal range for hemoglobin (Hgb) in males is 13-17 g\/dL and in females is 12-15 g\/dL.   <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"qa_wrap\">\n<div class=\"q_item text_bold\">\n<h4 class=\"letter\">Q<\/h4>\n<p style=\"line-height: unset;\">What is the normal range for hematocrit?<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"a_item\">\n<h4 class=\"letter text_bold\">A<\/h4>\n<p>The normal range for hematocrit (Hct) in males is 41%-50% and in females is 36%-44%.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"qa_wrap\">\n<div class=\"q_item text_bold\">\n<h4 class=\"letter\">Q<\/h4>\n<p style=\"line-height: unset;\">What is the normal range for glycosylated hemoglobin (HbgA1C)?<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"a_item\">\n<h4 class=\"letter text_bold\">A<\/h4>\n<p>The normal value for glycosylated hemoglobin (HbgA1C) is <5.7%. A value between 5.7% to 6.4% is considered prediabetes. A value of >6.5% is considered diabetes.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"qa_wrap\">\n<div class=\"q_item text_bold\">\n<h4 class=\"letter\">Q<\/h4>\n<p style=\"line-height: unset;\">What is the normal range for cholesterol?<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"a_item\">\n<h4 class=\"letter text_bold\">A<\/h4>\n<p>Cholesterol is measured as a total count, and then the individual components are broken down. The normal value for total cholesterol is <200 mg\/dL. Low-density lipoprotein (also known as LDL or the \u201cbad\u201d cholesterol) should be <100 mg\/dL whereas high-density lipoprotein (also known as HDL or the \u201cgood\u201d cholesterol) should be >60 mg\/dL. The normal value for triglycerides should be <150 mg\/dL. Total cholesterol is the total of LDL + HDL + 20% of the triglyceride level.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"qa_wrap\">\n<div class=\"q_item text_bold\">\n<h4 class=\"letter\">Q<\/h4>\n<p style=\"line-height: unset;\">What is the normal range for glucose?<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"a_item\">\n<h4 class=\"letter text_bold\">A<\/h4>\n<p>The normal range for glucose is 70-99 mg\/dL. Hypoglycemia is indicated in levels <70 mg\/dL and hyperglycemia in levels >99 mg\/dL.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"qa_wrap\">\n<div class=\"q_item text_bold\">\n<h4 class=\"letter\">Q<\/h4>\n<p style=\"line-height: unset;\">What is the normal range for albumin?<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"a_item\">\n<h4 class=\"letter text_bold\">A<\/h4>\n<p>The normal range for albumin is 3.4-5 g\/dL.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"qa_wrap\">\n<div class=\"q_item text_bold\">\n<h4 class=\"letter\">Q<\/h4>\n<p style=\"line-height: unset;\">What is the normal range for total protein?<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"a_item\">\n<h4 class=\"letter text_bold\">A<\/h4>\n<p>The normal range for total protein is 6.1-8.1 g\/dL.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"qa_wrap\">\n<div class=\"q_item text_bold\">\n<h4 class=\"letter\">Q<\/h4>\n<p style=\"line-height: unset;\">What is the normal range for sodium (Na)?<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"a_item\">\n<h4 class=\"letter text_bold\">A<\/h4>\n<p>The normal range for serum sodium (Na) is 135-145 mEq\/L.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"qa_wrap\">\n<div class=\"q_item text_bold\">\n<h4 class=\"letter\">Q<\/h4>\n<p style=\"line-height: unset;\">What is the normal range for potassium (K)?<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"a_item\">\n<h4 class=\"letter text_bold\">A<\/h4>\n<p>The normal range for serum potassium (K) is 3.5-5 mEq\/L.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"qa_wrap\">\n<div class=\"q_item text_bold\">\n<h4 class=\"letter\">Q<\/h4>\n<p style=\"line-height: unset;\">What is the normal range for calcium (Ca)?<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"a_item\">\n<h4 class=\"letter text_bold\">A<\/h4>\n<p>The normal range for serum calcium (Ca) is 8.5-10.9 mEq\/L.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"qa_wrap\">\n<div class=\"q_item text_bold\">\n<h4 class=\"letter\">Q<\/h4>\n<p style=\"line-height: unset;\">What is the normal range for chloride (Cl)?<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"a_item\">\n<h4 class=\"letter text_bold\">A<\/h4>\n<p>The normal range for chloride (Cl) is 95-105 mEq\/L.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"qa_wrap\">\n<div class=\"q_item text_bold\">\n<h4 class=\"letter\">Q<\/h4>\n<p style=\"line-height: unset;\">What are the normal ranges for liver function tests?<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"a_item\">\n<h4 class=\"letter text_bold\">A<\/h4>\n<p>Liver function tests consist of ALP, ALT, AST, and bilirubin. The normal range for ALP (alkaline phosphatase) is 25-100 U\/L. The normal range for ALT (alanine aminotransferase) is 7-56 U\/L. The normal range for AST (aspartate aminotransferase) is 10-40 U\/L. The normal range for total bilirubin (unconjugated and conjugated) is 0.2-1.2 mg\/dL, with the breakdown being conjugated bilirubin normally between 0.1-0.4 mg\/dL and unconjugated bilirubin between 0-1.1 mg\/dL.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"qa_wrap\">\n<div class=\"q_item text_bold\">\n<h4 class=\"letter\">Q<\/h4>\n<p style=\"line-height: unset;\">What is the normal range for blood urea nitrogen (BUN)?<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"a_item\">\n<h4 class=\"letter text_bold\">A<\/h4>\n<p>The normal range for blood urea nitrogen (BUN) is 8-21 mg\/dL.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"qa_wrap\">\n<div class=\"q_item text_bold\">\n<h4 class=\"letter\">Q<\/h4>\n<p style=\"line-height: unset;\">What is the normal range for creatinine?<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"a_item\">\n<h4 class=\"letter text_bold\">A<\/h4>\n<p>The normal range for creatinine is 0.8-1.3 mg\/dL.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"qa_wrap\">\n<div class=\"q_item text_bold\">\n<h4 class=\"letter\">Q<\/h4>\n<p style=\"line-height: unset;\">What is the normal range for prothrombin time (PT)?<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"a_item\">\n<h4 class=\"letter text_bold\">A<\/h4>\n<p>The normal range for prothrombin time (PT) is 9.5-13.5 seconds.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"qa_wrap\">\n<div class=\"q_item text_bold\">\n<h4 class=\"letter\">Q<\/h4>\n<p style=\"line-height: unset;\">What are the normal ranges for partial thromboplastin time (PTT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)?<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"a_item\">\n<h4 class=\"letter text_bold\">A<\/h4>\n<p>The normal range for partial thromboplastin time (PTT) is 60-70 seconds and for activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), 30-40 seconds.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"qa_wrap\">\n<div class=\"q_item text_bold\">\n<h4 class=\"letter\">Q<\/h4>\n<p style=\"line-height: unset;\">What are the normal ranges for arterial blood gas (ABG) values?<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"a_item\">\n<h4 class=\"letter text_bold\">A<\/h4>\n<p>Arterial blood gases are measured from a blood sample from an artery that measures the blood\u2019s pH in addition to levels of carbon dioxide \\((CO_2)\\), bicarbonate \\((HCO_3)\\), the partial pressure of oxygen \\((PaO_2)\\), and oxygen saturation \\((SaO_2)\\). Normal levels are as follows:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\\(\\text{pH}\\): 7.34-7.45<\/li>\n<li>\\(CO_2\\): 35-45 mmHg<\/li>\n<li>\\(HCO_3\\): 22-26 mEq\/L<\/li>\n<li>\\(PaO_2\\): 80-100 mmHg<\/li>\n<li>\\(SaO_2\\): 95%-100%<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"home-buttons\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/patient-care\/\">Return to Patient Care Videos<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Return to Patient Care Videos<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":183104,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":{"0":"post-32242","1":"page","2":"type-page","3":"status-publish","4":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"page_category-general-patient-care-videos","7":"page_category-patient-care-videos","8":"page_category-safe-and-effective-care-environment","9":"page_category-video-pages-for-study-course-sidebar-ad","10":"page_type-video","11":"subject_matter-nursing"},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/32242","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=32242"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/32242\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":279397,"href":"https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/32242\/revisions\/279397"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/183104"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=32242"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}