{"id":22222,"date":"2016-04-12T14:23:08","date_gmt":"2016-04-12T14:23:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/?page_id=22222"},"modified":"2026-04-29T09:48:18","modified_gmt":"2026-04-29T14:48:18","slug":"turner-syndrome","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/turner-syndrome\/","title":{"rendered":"Turner Syndrome"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\t\t\t<div id=\"mmDeferVideoEncompass_4LkuHDsrsco\" style=\"position: relative;\">\n\t\t\t<picture>\n\t\t\t\t<source srcset=\"https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/circle-play-duotone.webp\" type=\"image\/webp\">\n\t\t\t\t<source srcset=\"https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/circle-play-duotone.png\" type=\"image\/jpeg\"> \n\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"eager\" id=\"videoThumbnailImage_4LkuHDsrsco\" data-source-videoID=\"4LkuHDsrsco\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/circle-play-duotone.png\" alt=\"Turner Syndrome Video\" height=\"464\" width=\"825\" class=\"size-full\" data-matomo-title = \"Turner Syndrome\">\n\t\t\t<\/picture>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<style>img#videoThumbnailImage_4LkuHDsrsco:hover {cursor:pointer;} img#videoThumbnailImage_4LkuHDsrsco {background-size:contain;background-image:url(\"https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/1973-thumb-final-2.webp\");}<\/style>\n\t\t\t<script defer>\n\t\t\t  jQuery(\"img#videoThumbnailImage_4LkuHDsrsco\").click(function() {\n\t\t\t\tlet videoId = jQuery(this).attr(\"data-source-videoID\");\n\t\t\t\tlet helpTag = '<div id=\"mmDeferVideoYTMessage_4LkuHDsrsco\" style=\"display: none;position: absolute;top: -24px;width: 100%;text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-style: italic;font-size: small;border-top: 1px solid #fc0;\">Having trouble? <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v='+videoId+'\" target=\"_blank\">Click here to watch on YouTube.<\/a><\/span><\/div>';\n\t\t\t\tlet tag = document.createElement(\"iframe\");\n\t\t\t\ttag.id = \"yt\" + videoId;\n\t\t\t\ttag.src = \"https:\/\/www.youtube-nocookie.com\/embed\/\" + videoId + \"?autoplay=1&controls=1&wmode=opaque&rel=0&egm=0&iv_load_policy=3&hd=0&enablejsapi=1\";\n\t\t\t\ttag.frameborder = 0;\n\t\t\t\ttag.allow = \"autoplay; fullscreen\";\n\t\t\t\ttag.width = this.width;\n\t\t\t\ttag.height = this.height;\n\t\t\t\ttag.setAttribute(\"data-matomo-title\",\"Turner Syndrome\");\n\t\t\t\tjQuery(\"div#mmDeferVideoEncompass_4LkuHDsrsco\").html(tag);\n\t\t\t\tjQuery(\"div#mmDeferVideoEncompass_4LkuHDsrsco\").prepend(helpTag);\n\t\t\t\tsetTimeout(function(){jQuery(\"div#mmDeferVideoYTMessage_4LkuHDsrsco\").css(\"display\", \"block\");}, 2000);\n\t\t\t  });\n\t\t\t  \n\t\t\t<\/script>\n\t\t\n<p><script>\nfunction NOc_Function() {\n  var x = document.getElementById(\"NOc\");\n  if (x.style.display === \"none\") {\n    x.style.display = \"block\";\n  } else {\n    x.style.display = \"none\";\n  }\n}\n<\/script><\/p>\n<div class=\"moc-toc hide-on-desktop hide-on-tablet\">\n<div><button onclick=\"NOc_Function()\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/toc2.svg\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" alt=\"show or hide table of contents\"><\/button><\/p>\n<p>On this page<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<nav id=\"NOc\" style=\"display:none;\">\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toc-h2\"><a href=\"#Turner_Syndrome_Overview\" class=\"smooth-scroll\">Turner Syndrome Overview<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toc-h2\"><a href=\"#Signs_and_Symptoms_of_Turner_Syndrome\" class=\"smooth-scroll\">Signs and Symptoms of Turner Syndrome<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toc-h2\"><a href=\"#Nursing_Care_for_Turner_Syndrome\" class=\"smooth-scroll\">Nursing Care for Turner Syndrome<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/nav>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"accordion\"><input id=\"transcript\" type=\"checkbox\" class=\"spoiler_button\" \/><label for=\"transcript\">Transcript<\/label>\n<div class=\"spoiler\" id=\"transcript-spoiler\">\n<p>Welcome to this video tutorial on Turner syndrome!<\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"Turner_Syndrome_Overview\" class=\"m-toc-anchor\"><\/span>Turner Syndrome Overview<\/h2>\n<p>\nTurner syndrome (TS) is a chromosomal disorder affecting the development of females. Normally, females have two X <a class=\"ylist\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/chromosomes\/\">chromosomes<\/a> in each cell, but for the patient with TS, one X chromosome is completely missing or structurally altered.<\/p>\n<p>It is also known as Ullrich-Turner syndrome and gonadal dysgenesis, and it affects 1 in 2,000 live female births.<\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"Chromosomal_Patterns_in_Turner_Syndrome\" class=\"m-toc-anchor\"><\/span>Chromosomal Patterns in Turner Syndrome<\/h3>\n<p>\nThere are three possible chromosomal structural anomalies in Turner syndrome:<\/p>\n<p>First is monosomy X (45,X). An X chromosome is absent (there are only 45 chromosomes instead of the usual 46). This creates the most severe observable characteristics and occurs in approximately 50% of TS girls.<\/p>\n<p>Second is partial X deletion. This is where both X chromosomes are present, but one arm of one X chromosome is malformed or missing. This occurs in 30% of TS girls.<\/p>\n<p>Third, mosaicism, is the chromosomal change present in only some of the cells. The symptoms of TS are less severe.<\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"Signs_and_Symptoms_of_Turner_Syndrome\" class=\"m-toc-anchor\"><\/span>Signs and Symptoms of Turner Syndrome<\/h2>\n<p>\nThe following are some signs and symptoms of Turner syndrome:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Short stature, which is the most common and evident by age 5<\/li>\n<li>Early loss of ovarian function, which causes amenorrhea and infertility<\/li>\n<li>Wide, short, webbed neck<\/li>\n<li>Drooping eyes and cataracts<\/li>\n<li>Frequent ear infections and hearing loss<\/li>\n<li>Lymphedema (swelling) of the hands and feet<\/li>\n<li>Skeletal abnormalities such as scoliosis and osteoporosis<\/li>\n<li>Kidney problems<\/li>\n<li>Heart defects such as coarctation of the aorta<\/li>\n<li>Hypothyroidism<\/li>\n<li>Glucose intolerance or <a class=\"ylist\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/diabetes-complications\/\">diabetes<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span id=\"Short_Stature_and_Growth_Delay\" class=\"m-toc-anchor\"><\/span>Short Stature and Growth Delay<\/h3>\n<p>\nShort stature is the most common visible characteristic and the only abnormality seen in 100% of Turner syndrome patients.<\/p>\n<p>Patients with Turner syndrome usually have intrauterine growth retardation, and their growth rate is below normal during infancy and childhood (but most often it is not noticed until age 5\u20137).<\/p>\n<p>The average adult height is four feet and eight inches, and women with TS have a growth hormone deficiency (GHD), in which growth and cell reproduction is stunted. GHD can be treated with human growth hormone (hGH) replacement.<\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"Ovarian_Function_and_Puberty\" class=\"m-toc-anchor\"><\/span>Ovarian Function and Puberty<\/h3>\n<p>\nGonadal dysgenesis refers to abnormal or incomplete development of the ovary. This causes a lack of estrogen and progesterone and occurs in more than 90% of TS patients.<\/p>\n<p>There is an absence of breast development, feminine body contours, no menstruation, and infertility. Thirty percent of girls will enter partial puberty, but ovaries will eventually cease functioning. Estrogen and progesterone replacement therapy can be given to induce puberty.<\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"Cardiovascular_Risks\" class=\"m-toc-anchor\"><\/span>Cardiovascular Risks<\/h3>\n<p>\nThere are several cardiovascular risks that are also common with Turner syndrome patients:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Congenital heart defect occurs in approximately 30% of TS patients.<\/li>\n<li>Hypertension is common in 40% of TS patients and should be treated vigorously.<\/li>\n<li>With advanced treatments available for women with Turner syndrome, some women are able to achieve pregnancy. It is therefore important for her doctor to have an MRI done to check the status of the patient\u2019s heart prior to pregnancy.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span id=\"Learning_and_Developmental_Concerns\" class=\"m-toc-anchor\"><\/span>Learning and Developmental Concerns<\/h3>\n<p>\nLearning issues can be another sign or symptom of Turner syndrome. Most people with TS have normal intelligence; however, over one-third of girls are diagnosed during elementary age or adolescence with development and learning issues. These include deficits in spatial visualization, math abilities, and social cognition.<\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"Nursing_Care_for_Turner_Syndrome\" class=\"m-toc-anchor\"><\/span>Nursing Care for Turner Syndrome<\/h2>\n<p>\nHere are some nursing care tips when taking care of a patient with Turner syndrome:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The nurse taking care of a female pediatric patient needs to be aware of the signs and symptoms of Turner syndrome.<\/li>\n<li>Any girl who has unexplained growth failure should be further examined and will need to see a pediatric endocrinologist once TS is confirmed.<\/li>\n<li>For the TS patient, a delayed diagnosis makes it more difficult to achieve a productive, normal lifestyle as an adult.<\/li>\n<li>The pediatric nurse and school nurse will want to be especially careful not to miss the characteristics of Turner syndrome.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Thank you for watching this video tutorial on Turner syndrome!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"home-buttons\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/patient-care\/\">Return to Patient Care Videos<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Return to Patient Care Videos<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":121843,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":{"0":"post-22222","1":"page","2":"type-page","3":"status-publish","4":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"page_category-patient-care-videos","7":"page_category-physiological-integrity","8":"page_category-various-health-issues-videos","9":"page_category-video-pages-for-study-course-sidebar-ad","10":"page_type-video","11":"subject_matter-nursing"},"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO Pro 4.9.8 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Turner syndrome (TS) is characterized by a lack of growth and specific symptoms like hypertension that must be treated. 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