{"id":151408,"date":"2022-11-01T13:27:33","date_gmt":"2022-11-01T18:27:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/?page_id=151408"},"modified":"2025-12-11T10:58:29","modified_gmt":"2025-12-11T16:58:29","slug":"blooms-taxonomy","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/blooms-taxonomy\/","title":{"rendered":"Bloom&#8217;s Taxonomy"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1>Bloom&#8217;s Taxonomy<\/h1>\n<p>\n\t\t\t<div id=\"mmDeferVideoEncompass_vXOsD6Pq0ps\" style=\"position: relative;\">\n\t\t\t<picture>\n\t\t\t\t<source srcset=\"https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/circle-play-duotone.webp\" type=\"image\/webp\">\n\t\t\t\t<source srcset=\"https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/circle-play-duotone.png\" type=\"image\/jpeg\"> \n\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"eager\" id=\"videoThumbnailImage_vXOsD6Pq0ps\" data-source-videoID=\"vXOsD6Pq0ps\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/circle-play-duotone.png\" alt=\"Bloom&#8217;s Taxonomy Video\" height=\"464\" width=\"825\" class=\"size-full\" data-matomo-title = \"Bloom&#8217;s Taxonomy\">\n\t\t\t<\/picture>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<style>img#videoThumbnailImage_vXOsD6Pq0ps:hover {cursor:pointer;} img#videoThumbnailImage_vXOsD6Pq0ps {background-size:contain;background-image:url(\"https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/2188-thumb-final-2-1.webp\");}<\/style>\n\t\t\t<script defer>\n\t\t\t  jQuery(\"img#videoThumbnailImage_vXOsD6Pq0ps\").click(function() {\n\t\t\t\tlet videoId = jQuery(this).attr(\"data-source-videoID\");\n\t\t\t\tlet helpTag = '<div id=\"mmDeferVideoYTMessage_vXOsD6Pq0ps\" style=\"display: none;position: absolute;top: -24px;width: 100%;text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-style: italic;font-size: small;border-top: 1px solid #fc0;\">Having trouble? <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v='+videoId+'\" target=\"_blank\">Click here to watch on YouTube.<\/a><\/span><\/div>';\n\t\t\t\tlet tag = document.createElement(\"iframe\");\n\t\t\t\ttag.id = \"yt\" + videoId;\n\t\t\t\ttag.src = \"https:\/\/www.youtube-nocookie.com\/embed\/\" + videoId + \"?autoplay=1&controls=1&wmode=opaque&rel=0&egm=0&iv_load_policy=3&hd=0&enablejsapi=1\";\n\t\t\t\ttag.frameborder = 0;\n\t\t\t\ttag.allow = \"autoplay; fullscreen\";\n\t\t\t\ttag.width = this.width;\n\t\t\t\ttag.height = this.height;\n\t\t\t\ttag.setAttribute(\"data-matomo-title\",\"Bloom&#8217;s Taxonomy\");\n\t\t\t\tjQuery(\"div#mmDeferVideoEncompass_vXOsD6Pq0ps\").html(tag);\n\t\t\t\tjQuery(\"div#mmDeferVideoEncompass_vXOsD6Pq0ps\").prepend(helpTag);\n\t\t\t\tsetTimeout(function(){jQuery(\"div#mmDeferVideoYTMessage_vXOsD6Pq0ps\").css(\"display\", \"block\");}, 2000);\n\t\t\t  });\n\t\t\t  \n\t\t\t<\/script>\n\t\t<br \/>\n<div class=\"accordion\"><input id=\"transcript\" type=\"checkbox\" class=\"spoiler_button\" \/><label for=\"transcript\">Transcript<\/label>\n<div class=\"spoiler\" id=\"transcript-spoiler\">\n<p>Consider the process that a teacher would use to write learning objectives for a lesson. How would they ensure that the objectives are specific and measurable? How would they encourage students to move beyond simply memorizing and reciting information and engage in higher-order thinking?<\/p>\n<p>For the past several decades, teachers have used Bloom\u2019s Taxonomy to help establish learning goals and encourage deeper levels of thinking in their students.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         <\/p>\n<p>In this video, we will describe Bloom\u2019s Taxonomy and the way it is structured for the cognitive learning domain as well as ways it can be used when designing instruction.<\/p>\n<h3>Bloom\u2019s Taxonomy: An Overview<\/h3>\n<p>Bloom\u2019s Taxonomy was developed in 1956 by educational psychologist Benjamin Bloom. The original taxonomy covered the cognitive domain of learning, which focuses on mental skills and knowledge. Later, two additional domains were added: the affective domain, which focuses on feelings, beliefs, and attitudes, and the psychomotor domain, which focuses on physical skills.<\/p>\n<p>Within each domain, levels of thinking are arranged in a hierarchy, with each level increasing in complexity and building upon the ones before. In other words, to succeed in the highest level of thinking, students would first need to have achieved the lower levels.<\/p>\n<p>In this video, we will focus on the cognitive domain, as it is the most commonly addressed within a typical classroom setting.<\/p>\n<h3>Bloom\u2019s Taxonomy in the Cognitive Domain<\/h3>\n<p>Bloom\u2019s original taxonomy organized cognitive processes into a hierarchy of six categories: knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation. Knowledge, the first level of the hierarchy, was considered the prerequisite level necessary for all the other levels to occur. <\/p>\n<p>Consider the following example. A teacher wants her students to analyze examples of similes in texts. However, in order to achieve this goal, students must first know what a simile is. Knowledge is prerequisite to analysis.<\/p>\n<p>Progression through the levels of Bloom\u2019s Taxonomy does not always occur within a single lesson. Instead, it may take place over a series of lessons or even years. When planning instruction, teachers must first consider students\u2019 existing knowledge and skills and build upon that foundation.<\/p>\n<p>Bloom\u2019s Taxonomy was revised in 2001. Let\u2019s compare the original and revised versions now.<\/p>\n<table class=\"ATable\" style=\"margin: auto;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>1956 Taxonomy<\/td>\n<td>Revised 2001 Taxonomy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Evaluation<\/td>\n<td>Create<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Synthesis<\/td>\n<td>Evaluate<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Analysis<\/td>\n<td>Analyze<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Application<\/td>\n<td>Apply<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Comprehension<\/td>\n<td>Understand<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Knowledge<\/td>\n<td>Remember<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\n<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><\/p>\n<p>There are still six levels of cognitive processes in the hierarchy, but they have been renamed using verbs rather than nouns. Additionally, create is now the highest level on the taxonomy, replacing evaluation.<\/p>\n<p>Within each level of cognition, there are specific action verbs listed. These verbs can guide teachers when creating learning objectives.<\/p>\n<p>Let\u2019s examine each level of the revised taxonomy in more detail now.<\/p>\n<p>The lowest level on Bloom\u2019s taxonomy, <strong>remember<\/strong>, focuses on recalling facts and concepts. Verbs in this level include recall, define, and list.<\/p>\n<p>The <strong>understand<\/strong> level focuses on explaining ideas and concepts. Verbs include classify, describe, and explain.<\/p>\n<p>The <strong>apply<\/strong> level focuses on applying knowledge to new situations. Verbs include demonstrate, organize, and solve.<\/p>\n<p>The <strong>analyze<\/strong> level focuses on relationships among ideas. Verbs include compare, contrast, and distinguish.<\/p>\n<p>The <strong>evaluate<\/strong> level focuses on justifying decisions. Verbs include argue, defend, and critique.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Create<\/strong>, now the highest level of the taxonomy, involves producing original work. Verbs include design, develop, and formulate.<\/p>\n<h3>The Knowledge Dimension<\/h3>\n<p>The revised Bloom\u2019s Taxonomy also divides each of these six levels of cognition into four types of knowledge ranging from concrete to abstract. This is known as the knowledge dimension and includes:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>the factual dimension, which includes basic knowledge a student must know on a topic<\/li>\n<li>the conceptual dimension, or how the basic elements of the topic are related<\/li>\n<li>the procedural dimension, which includes steps and methods for solving problems, and<\/li>\n<li>the metacognitive dimension, which includes a student\u2019s awareness of their own thinking and learning<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Keeping all of this information in mind can help teachers identify both what they want students to learn and the depth of learning that should occur.<\/p>\n<p>Let\u2019s look at an example that includes the knowledge dimension.<\/p>\n<p>Students are working at the create level of Bloom\u2019s Taxonomy to design a learning game that will help others learn an addition process. When the students write instructions for how to solve the problems in the game, they are working in the procedural dimension. <\/p>\n<p>If they create a portfolio of learning games created throughout the school year and reflect on what they have learned over time, they are then working in the metacognitive dimension, reflecting on their own thinking and learning.<\/p>\n<h3>Uses for Designing Instruction<\/h3>\n<p>Bloom\u2019s Taxonomy can guide the instructional design process and teaching in several ways.<\/p>\n<p>First, teachers can use the taxonomy when writing learning objectives. They can vary the levels of thinking required, increase complexity throughout the lessons, and encourage students to solve real-world problems rather than staying only at the knowledge recall level.<\/p>\n<p>Teachers can also use Bloom\u2019s Taxonomy to identify specific and measurable action verbs to include in the objectives. Once the objectives are determined, these same verbs can be incorporated into assessments and learning activities, ensuring alignment in the lesson design.<\/p>\n<p>For example, a teacher may consult Bloom\u2019s Taxonomy when writing a learning objective that states the following: <\/p>\n<p>Given a ruler, students will calculate the perimeter of a triangle.<\/p>\n<p>Calculate, a specific and measurable verb, falls under the application level of Bloom\u2019s Taxonomy. <\/p>\n<hr>\n<h2>Review<\/h2>\n<p>Okay, let\u2019s review what we\u2019ve learned in this video.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Bloom\u2019s Taxonomy is a hierarchy of processes that addresses three domains of learning: cognitive, affective, and psychomotor.<\/li>\n<li>The cognitive domain focuses on mental skills and knowledge. The revised Bloom\u2019s Taxonomy organizes cognitive processes into a hierarchy of six categories: remember, understand, apply, analyze, evaluate, and create.<\/li>\n<li>The revised taxonomy also divides each level into categories of knowledge ranging from concrete to abstract. These include the factual, conceptual, procedural, and metacognitive dimensions.<\/li>\n<li>Teachers can use Bloom\u2019s Taxonomy to create learning objectives, assessments, and activities that are aligned and require various levels of thinking.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr>\n<h2>Questions<\/h2>\n<p>Now for a couple of review questions before we go. <\/p>\n<p>1. A teacher creates the following assessment questions for a science lesson on living and nonliving things.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>List three characteristics of living things.<\/li>\n<li>Classify the following examples as living or nonliving.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Which levels of Bloom\u2019s Taxonomy are addressed in these questions?<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: center; margin-bottom: 20px;\">\n   <button class=\"buttontranscript\" onClick=\"toggle('Answer1')\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"Answer1\" class=\"showanswer\">\n   <strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">The question asking students to list characteristics of living things is in the lowest level of Bloom\u2019s taxonomy, remember.<\/p>\n<p>The question asking students to classify examples is in the second level, understand. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>2. A high school class is about to start a unit on narrative texts. How might the teacher incorporate the top three levels of Bloom\u2019s Taxonomy in this unit?<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: center; margin-bottom: 20px;\">\n   <button class=\"buttontranscript\" onClick=\"toggle('Answer2')\">Show Answer<\/button>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"Answer2\" class=\"showanswer\">\n   <strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Students could compare and contrast characters or events within the same text or across multiple texts. They could evaluate the author\u2019s craft or a character\u2019s actions and support their viewpoints with evidence. Students could create their own narrative texts, incorporating elements they analyzed in the mentor texts. Or, they could create alternate endings to existing narrative texts.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>That\u2019s all for now; thanks for watching, and happy studying! <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/pedagogy\/\"><strong>Return to Pedagogy Videos<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p><script>\nfunction toggle(obj) {\n          var obj=document.getElementById(obj);\n          if (obj.style.display == \"block\") obj.style.display = \"none\";\n          else obj.style.display = \"block\";\n}\n<\/script><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Bloom&#8217;s Taxonomy Return to Pedagogy Videos<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":22,"featured_media":151411,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":{"0":"post-151408","1":"page","2":"type-page","3":"status-publish","4":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"page_category-pedagogy-videos","7":"page_category-video-pages-for-study-course-sidebar-ad","8":"page_type-video","9":"page_domain-teaching"},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/151408","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/22"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=151408"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/151408\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":281432,"href":"https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/151408\/revisions\/281432"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/151411"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=151408"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}