{"id":13786,"date":"2014-02-13T23:27:52","date_gmt":"2014-02-13T23:27:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/?page_id=13786"},"modified":"2026-03-28T11:18:13","modified_gmt":"2026-03-28T16:18:13","slug":"igneous-sedimentary-and-metamorphic-rocks","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/igneous-sedimentary-and-metamorphic-rocks\/","title":{"rendered":"Igneous, Sedimentary, and Metamorphic Rocks"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\t\t\t<div id=\"mmDeferVideoEncompass_ozjGN8OEl6Q\" style=\"position: relative;\">\n\t\t\t<picture>\n\t\t\t\t<source srcset=\"https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/circle-play-duotone.webp\" type=\"image\/webp\">\n\t\t\t\t<source srcset=\"https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/circle-play-duotone.png\" type=\"image\/jpeg\"> \n\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"eager\" id=\"videoThumbnailImage_ozjGN8OEl6Q\" data-source-videoID=\"ozjGN8OEl6Q\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/circle-play-duotone.png\" alt=\"Igneous, Sedimentary, and Metamorphic Rocks Video\" height=\"464\" width=\"825\" class=\"size-full\" data-matomo-title = \"Igneous, Sedimentary, and Metamorphic Rocks\">\n\t\t\t<\/picture>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<style>img#videoThumbnailImage_ozjGN8OEl6Q:hover {cursor:pointer;} img#videoThumbnailImage_ozjGN8OEl6Q {background-size:contain;background-image:url(\"https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/1532-igneous-sedimentary-and-metamorphic-rocks-2.webp\");}<\/style>\n\t\t\t<script defer>\n\t\t\t  jQuery(\"img#videoThumbnailImage_ozjGN8OEl6Q\").click(function() {\n\t\t\t\tlet videoId = jQuery(this).attr(\"data-source-videoID\");\n\t\t\t\tlet helpTag = '<div id=\"mmDeferVideoYTMessage_ozjGN8OEl6Q\" style=\"display: none;position: absolute;top: -24px;width: 100%;text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-style: italic;font-size: small;border-top: 1px solid #fc0;\">Having trouble? <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v='+videoId+'\" target=\"_blank\">Click here to watch on YouTube.<\/a><\/span><\/div>';\n\t\t\t\tlet tag = document.createElement(\"iframe\");\n\t\t\t\ttag.id = \"yt\" + videoId;\n\t\t\t\ttag.src = \"https:\/\/www.youtube-nocookie.com\/embed\/\" + videoId + \"?autoplay=1&controls=1&wmode=opaque&rel=0&egm=0&iv_load_policy=3&hd=0&enablejsapi=1\";\n\t\t\t\ttag.frameborder = 0;\n\t\t\t\ttag.allow = \"autoplay; fullscreen\";\n\t\t\t\ttag.width = this.width;\n\t\t\t\ttag.height = this.height;\n\t\t\t\ttag.setAttribute(\"data-matomo-title\",\"Igneous, Sedimentary, and Metamorphic Rocks\");\n\t\t\t\tjQuery(\"div#mmDeferVideoEncompass_ozjGN8OEl6Q\").html(tag);\n\t\t\t\tjQuery(\"div#mmDeferVideoEncompass_ozjGN8OEl6Q\").prepend(helpTag);\n\t\t\t\tsetTimeout(function(){jQuery(\"div#mmDeferVideoYTMessage_ozjGN8OEl6Q\").css(\"display\", \"block\");}, 2000);\n\t\t\t  });\n\t\t\t  \n\t\t\t<\/script>\n\t\t\n<p><script>\nfunction pHL_Function() {\n  var x = document.getElementById(\"pHL\");\n  if (x.style.display === \"none\") {\n    x.style.display = \"block\";\n  } else {\n    x.style.display = \"none\";\n  }\n}\n<\/script><\/p>\n<div class=\"moc-toc hide-on-desktop hide-on-tablet\">\n<div><button onclick=\"pHL_Function()\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/toc2.svg\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" alt=\"show or hide table of contents\"><\/button><\/p>\n<p>On this page<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<nav id=\"pHL\" style=\"display:none;\">\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toc-h2\"><a href=\"#Sedimentary_Rock\" class=\"smooth-scroll\">Sedimentary Rock<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toc-h2\"><a href=\"#Metamorphic_Rock\" class=\"smooth-scroll\">Metamorphic Rock<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toc-h2\"><a href=\"#Igneous_Rock\" class=\"smooth-scroll\">Igneous Rock<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toc-h2\"><a href=\"#Review\" class=\"smooth-scroll\">Review<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/nav>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"accordion\"><input id=\"transcript\" type=\"checkbox\" class=\"spoiler_button\" \/><label for=\"transcript\">Transcript<\/label>\n<div class=\"spoiler\" id=\"transcript-spoiler\">\n<p>Remember learning about the water cycle when you were younger\u2014how water evaporates into the atmosphere, condensates to form clouds, and then precipitates back into bodies of water? Well, today we\u2019ll be looking at a different cycle: the rock cycle!<\/p>\n<p>There are three types of rock, which flow and transform into different phases in a continuous cycle. Unlike the water cycle, the rock cycle takes much, much longer to repeat. We\u2019re talking tens of millions of years for one rock to complete the cycle. But before we get into each part of the rock cycle and how the different rocks are formed and transformed, let\u2019s talk about each type of rock first!<\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"Sedimentary_Rock\" class=\"m-toc-anchor\"><\/span>Sedimentary Rock<\/h2>\n<p>\nThe first kind of rock we\u2019re going to talk about is sedimentary. Sedimentary rocks, which cover approximately 75% of the Earth, are formed by the accumulation of small particles that result from the weathering of other rocks. <\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"Weathering\" class=\"m-toc-anchor\"><\/span>Weathering<\/h3>\n<p>\nWeathering is just the wearing down of something. For rocks, there are two types of weathering: mechanical and chemical. <strong>Mechanical weathering<\/strong> involves physical forces, such as water and wind, breaking down rocks into smaller pieces. <strong>Chemical weathering<\/strong> is the erosion of rock due to a chemical transformation, such as dissolution or oxidation. Mechanical and chemical weathering work simultaneously and reinforce each other. As mechanical weathering breaks a rock into smaller pieces, more surface area is exposed to chemical weathering. The rate of weathering can depend on what the rock is made of or the climate.<\/p>\n<p>So, back to the actual rocks. There are three types of sedimentary rocks: detrital, chemical, and organic. <\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"Detrital_Sedimentary_Rocks\" class=\"m-toc-anchor\"><\/span>Detrital Sedimentary Rocks<\/h3>\n<p>\nDetrital sedimentary rocks form from sediments that have been weathered and transported. Particle size is mostly used to distinguish among these different rock types. For example, <strong>shale<\/strong>, a sedimentary rock, has very small silt and clay-sized particles, which are barely visible to the human eye. <\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Shale.png\" alt=\"A dark, jagged rock, labeled &quot;shale&quot;\" width=\"245\" height=\"223\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-95134\" style=\"box-shadow: 1.5px 1.5px 3px grey;\"><\/p>\n<p><strong>Sandstones<\/strong>, which you have probably picked up if you\u2019ve ever been to a beach, have sand-sized particles that you may be able to see with the naked eye.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Sandstone.png\" alt=\"A brown rock labeled &quot;sandstone&quot;\" width=\"372\" height=\"207\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-95137\" style=\"box-shadow: 1.5px 1.5px 3px grey;\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Sandstone.png 372w, https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Sandstone-300x167.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 372px) 100vw, 372px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>The third type of sedimentary rock is a conglomerate. <strong>Conglomerates<\/strong> are composed of gravel-sized particles that are rounded.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Conglomerate.png\" alt=\"A cobble-filled rock labeled &quot;conglomerate&quot;\" width=\"252\" height=\"336\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-95140\" style=\"box-shadow: 1.5px 1.5px 3px grey;\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Conglomerate.png 252w, https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Conglomerate-225x300.png 225w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 252px) 100vw, 252px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>If the particles are angular, then they are referred to as <strong>breccias<\/strong>. Either way, these rocks are both easily distinguishable to the naked eye.<\/p>\n<p>The next type of rock is a chemical sedimentary rock. <\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"Chemical_Sedimentary_Rocks\" class=\"m-toc-anchor\"><\/span>Chemical Sedimentary Rocks<\/h3>\n<p>\nRemember, all sedimentary rocks are formed by the accumulation of sediment. In the case of chemical sedimentary rocks, this sediment is precipitated material that was once in a solution. For example, if you had a glass of saltwater and left it alone for long enough, eventually all the water would evaporate, and you\u2019d be left with just salt in the glass. You have now precipitated salt out of a solution. This is exactly what happens at Death Valley in California.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Death-Valley-Salt.png\" alt=\"A large, open field of salt\" width=\"549.9504\" height=\"410.6904\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-95143\" style=\"box-shadow: 1.5px 1.5px 3px grey;\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Death-Valley-Salt.png 1086w, https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Death-Valley-Salt-300x224.png 300w, https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Death-Valley-Salt-1024x765.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Death-Valley-Salt-768x574.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1086px) 100vw, 1086px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>The white stuff in this picture is not sand; it\u2019s salt. This area in California was once inundated with water, but the water has since evaporated and left rock salt behind.<\/p>\n<p>Another example of a chemical sedimentary rock is <strong>chert<\/strong>, which is composed of microcrystalline quartz. Chert forms when dissolved silica materials (like quartz) precipitate out of a solution. Flint, jasper, and agate are different varieties of chert.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Chert.png\" alt=\"Four rocks are shown, labeled from top-left to bottom-right as &quot;Agate,&quot; &quot;Jasper,&quot; &quot;Flint,&quot; and &quot;Petrified Wood.&quot;\" width=\"550.0044\" height=\"407.3676\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-95146\" style=\"box-shadow: 1.5px 1.5px 3px grey;\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Chert.png 1419w, https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Chert-300x222.png 300w, https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Chert-1024x758.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Chert-768x569.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1419px) 100vw, 1419px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>The last type of sedimentary rock is <strong>organic<\/strong>. These sedimentary rocks form from the carbon-rich remains of organisms. Coal is an example of this type of rock, as it is formed when dead plant matter decays and is converted into coal by the heat and pressure of deep burial. <\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/organic.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"1594\" height=\"982\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-211801\" style=\"box-shadow: 1.5px 1.5px 3px grey;\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/organic.webp 1594w, https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/organic-300x185.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/organic-1024x631.webp 1024w, https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/organic-768x473.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/organic-1536x946.webp 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1594px) 100vw, 1594px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Sometimes, you can even see plant structures like leaves or bark in coal.<\/p>\n<p>Okay, so sedimentary rocks form from the deposition of sediment. But, how exactly? It\u2019s actually pretty simple. Sediments turn into sedimentary rock through the process of <strong>lithification<\/strong>, which involves <strong>compaction<\/strong> and <strong>cementation<\/strong>. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Lithification.png\" alt=\"A diagram shows the processes of compaction and cementation\" width=\"600.0526\" height=\"403.5752\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-95152\" style=\"box-shadow: 1.5px 1.5px 3px grey;\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Lithification.png 1582w, https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Lithification-300x202.png 300w, https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Lithification-1024x689.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Lithification-768x517.png 768w, https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Lithification-1536x1033.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1582px) 100vw, 1582px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>As sediments are buried by overlying material, the pressure eventually compacts the sediment so much that all available pore space is eliminated and essentially \u201cglues\u201d the sediment together. Voila, sedimentary rock!<\/p>\n<p>Let\u2019s move on to the next type of rock: metamorphic. <\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"Metamorphic_Rock\" class=\"m-toc-anchor\"><\/span>Metamorphic Rock<\/h2>\n<p>\nMetamorphism means \u201cto change form,\u201d which gives us a clue as to how this type of rock is formed. Metamorphic rocks form from the transition of one rock to another by temperatures and\/or pressures that differ from the rock\u2019s original formation. The main things that drive metamorphism are heat, confining pressure, and differential stress, the most important of these being heat. <\/p>\n<p>As you go further and further toward the earth\u2019s core, there is a geothermal gradient, meaning there is an increase in temperature with depth. The further a rock is buried, the hotter it\u2019s going to be. Confining pressure is simply when force is applied equally in all directions. Differential stress is also confining pressure, but the force is unequal and occurs in different directions. <\/p>\n<p>As you can see from the picture here, confined pressure results in nice, parallel layers. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Confined-Pressure.png\" alt=\"A cross-section of the Earth&#039;s layers is shown, revealing parallel layers\" width=\"549.9704\" height=\"352.8112\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-95155\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Confined-Pressure.png 901w, https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Confined-Pressure-300x192.png 300w, https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Confined-Pressure-768x493.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 901px) 100vw, 901px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Differential stress results in layers that are uneven or sideways.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Differential-Stress.png\" alt=\"A cross-section of the Earth&#039;s layers is shown, revealing wavy, unparallel layers\" width=\"549.9912\" height=\"249.7968\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-95158\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Differential-Stress.png 1004w, https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Differential-Stress-300x136.png 300w, https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Differential-Stress-768x349.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1004px) 100vw, 1004px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>One example of metamorphic rock is <strong>marble<\/strong>. <\/p>\n<p>Marble\u2019s parent rock is the chemical sedimentary rock limestone, which turns into marble after being buried and subjected to increased temperature and pressure.<\/p>\n<p>Let\u2019s now switch gears to our last type of rock: igneous.<\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"Igneous_Rock\" class=\"m-toc-anchor\"><\/span>Igneous Rock<\/h2>\n<p>\nIgneous rocks form as molten rock (magma) cools and solidifies. Now, as a reminder, magma is NOT the same as lava. Magma is molten rock beneath the earth\u2019s surface, and lava is molten rock that is ABOVE the earth\u2019s surface. <\/p>\n<p>There are three ways to create magma: a decrease in pressure, introduction of water, and the heating of crystal rocks above their melting temperature. Magma is generated in the earth\u2019s uppermost mantle, which is primarily composed of solid rock. At places like divergent plate boundaries and hot spots, decompression melting is taking place, which is a reduction in pressure without a change in temperature. When magma is eventually forced upward to the surface and becomes lava, igneous rocks will have formed.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-68960\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Igneous-Rocks.jpg\" alt=\"Igneous Rocks\" width=\"461\" height=\"512\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Igneous-Rocks.jpg 461w, https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Igneous-Rocks-270x300.jpg 270w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 461px) 100vw, 461px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>At subduction zones, the addition of water can lower the melting temperature of rock, allowing magma chambers to form.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-68963\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Graphic02.jpg\" alt=\"Volcanic Island Arc\" width=\"514\" height=\"466\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Graphic02.jpg 514w, https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Graphic02-300x272.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 514px) 100vw, 514px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>What you\u2019re looking at here is a <strong>volcanic island arc<\/strong>. When an oceanic plate moves and sinks beneath a continental plate, it brings water along with it. The added water will lower the melting temperature of the overlying rock, and force magma to the surface, which often results in the formation of volcanoes. All the stuff that spews out during a volcanic eruption is igneous rock!<\/p>\n<p>In any case, when magma is forced upwards to the surface, it brings along chunks of the rock through which it\u2019s traveling. When reaching the surface, the rate of cooling will determine the grain size of the resulting igneous rocks. In a volcanic eruption, for instance, there is little time for atoms to arrange in a particular structure, so these igneous rocks will have fine grain sizes that contain little to no minerals. <strong>Volcanic glass<\/strong> is an example of an igneous rock that cooled very quickly. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Volcanic-Glass.png\" alt=\"Two rocks are shown and are labeled from left to right as &quot;Obsidian&quot; and &quot;Hyaloclastite&quot;\" width=\"550.0542\" height=\"270.1074\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-95161\" style=\"box-shadow: 1.5px 1.5px 3px grey;\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Volcanic-Glass.png 1733w, https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Volcanic-Glass-300x147.png 300w, https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Volcanic-Glass-1024x503.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Volcanic-Glass-768x377.png 768w, https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Volcanic-Glass-1536x754.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1733px) 100vw, 1733px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Magma that is cooled at a slow rate will allow minerals to grow and form, resulting in a coarse grain texture. An example of this is <strong>granite<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Remember when I mentioned the rock cycle? If you haven\u2019t figured it out by now, the buried metamorphic rock will eventually melt and be brought back to the surface and become an igneous rock. That igneous rock, over millions of years, will erode (by mechanical or chemical weathering) and once again become a sedimentary rock. Rinse, lather, repeat.<\/p>\n<hr>\n<h2><span id=\"Review\" class=\"m-toc-anchor\"><\/span>Review<\/h2>\n<p>\nNow that you know everything there is to know about sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous rocks, let\u2019s go over a couple of review questions.<\/p>\n<p>1. If a sedimentary rock has silt or clay-sized particles, what would it be classified as?<\/p>\n<ol style=\"list-style: upper-alpha;\">\n<li>Shale<\/li>\n<li>Sandstone<\/li>\n<li>Breccia<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div style=\"text-align: center; margin-bottom: 20px;\"><button class=\"buttontranscript\" onClick=\"toggle('Answer1')\">Show Answer<\/button><\/div>\n<div id=\"Answer1\" style=\"display:none; box-shadow: 1.5px 1.5px 5px grey; background-color:#E0E0E0; padding: 30px; padding-bottom: 15px; width: 60%; margin: auto; text-align: center;\">\n<strong>The correct answer is A.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Shale is defined as a fine-grained detrital sedimentary rock.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\n2. What is one way a metamorphic rock can form?<\/p>\n<ol style=\"list-style: upper-alpha;\">\n<li>Deposition of sediment<\/li>\n<li> Increased heat and\/or pressure<\/li>\n<li>Volcanic activity<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div style=\"text-align: center; margin-bottom: 20px;\"><button class=\"buttontranscript\" onClick=\"toggle('Answer2')\">Show Answer<\/button><\/div>\n<div id=\"Answer2\" style=\"display:none; box-shadow: 1.5px 1.5px 5px grey; background-color:#E0E0E0; padding: 30px; padding-bottom: 15px; width: 60%; margin: auto; text-align: center;\">\n<strong>The correct answer is B.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Metamorphic rocks are formed in environments with temperatures and pressures unlike those of their parent rock.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\n3. What is assimilation?<\/p>\n<ol style=\"list-style: upper-alpha;\">\n<li>The melting of surrounding rock by rising magma in which the overall composition of the magma is changed.<\/li>\n<li>The decrease in pressure that may allow magma to rise to the surface at a mid-ocean ridge.<\/li>\n<li>The process in which igneous rocks cool so quickly that minerals do not have time to form. <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div style=\"text-align: center; margin-bottom: 20px;\"><button class=\"buttontranscript\" onClick=\"toggle('Answer3')\">Show Answer<\/button><\/div>\n<div id=\"Answer3\" style=\"display:none; box-shadow: 1.5px 1.5px 5px grey; background-color:#E0E0E0; padding: 30px; padding-bottom: 15px; width: 60%; margin: auto; text-align: center;\">\n<strong>The correct answer is A.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Assimilation is the process of changing the overall composition of a rising magma body.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\nI hope this review was helpful! 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