{"id":1034,"date":"2013-06-06T05:55:17","date_gmt":"2013-06-06T05:55:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/?page_id=1034"},"modified":"2026-03-25T12:37:00","modified_gmt":"2026-03-25T17:37:00","slug":"apostrophes","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/apostrophes\/","title":{"rendered":"Apostrophes"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\t\t\t<div id=\"mmDeferVideoEncompass_EQYQ0ZILJSA\" style=\"position: relative;\">\n\t\t\t<picture>\n\t\t\t\t<source srcset=\"https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/circle-play-duotone.webp\" type=\"image\/webp\">\n\t\t\t\t<source srcset=\"https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/circle-play-duotone.png\" type=\"image\/jpeg\"> \n\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"eager\" id=\"videoThumbnailImage_EQYQ0ZILJSA\" data-source-videoID=\"EQYQ0ZILJSA\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/circle-play-duotone.png\" alt=\"Apostrophes Video\" height=\"464\" width=\"825\" class=\"size-full\" data-matomo-title = \"Apostrophes\">\n\t\t\t<\/picture>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<style>img#videoThumbnailImage_EQYQ0ZILJSA:hover {cursor:pointer;} img#videoThumbnailImage_EQYQ0ZILJSA {background-size:contain;background-image:url(\"https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/132-thumb-final-2.webp\");}<\/style>\n\t\t\t<script defer>\n\t\t\t  jQuery(\"img#videoThumbnailImage_EQYQ0ZILJSA\").click(function() {\n\t\t\t\tlet videoId = jQuery(this).attr(\"data-source-videoID\");\n\t\t\t\tlet helpTag = '<div id=\"mmDeferVideoYTMessage_EQYQ0ZILJSA\" style=\"display: none;position: absolute;top: -24px;width: 100%;text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-style: italic;font-size: small;border-top: 1px solid #fc0;\">Having trouble? <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v='+videoId+'\" target=\"_blank\">Click here to watch on YouTube.<\/a><\/span><\/div>';\n\t\t\t\tlet tag = document.createElement(\"iframe\");\n\t\t\t\ttag.id = \"yt\" + videoId;\n\t\t\t\ttag.src = \"https:\/\/www.youtube-nocookie.com\/embed\/\" + videoId + \"?autoplay=1&controls=1&wmode=opaque&rel=0&egm=0&iv_load_policy=3&hd=0&enablejsapi=1\";\n\t\t\t\ttag.frameborder = 0;\n\t\t\t\ttag.allow = \"autoplay; fullscreen\";\n\t\t\t\ttag.width = this.width;\n\t\t\t\ttag.height = this.height;\n\t\t\t\ttag.setAttribute(\"data-matomo-title\",\"Apostrophes\");\n\t\t\t\tjQuery(\"div#mmDeferVideoEncompass_EQYQ0ZILJSA\").html(tag);\n\t\t\t\tjQuery(\"div#mmDeferVideoEncompass_EQYQ0ZILJSA\").prepend(helpTag);\n\t\t\t\tsetTimeout(function(){jQuery(\"div#mmDeferVideoYTMessage_EQYQ0ZILJSA\").css(\"display\", \"block\");}, 2000);\n\t\t\t  });\n\t\t\t  \n\t\t\t<\/script>\n\t\t\n<p><script>\nfunction QEy_Function() {\n  var x = document.getElementById(\"QEy\");\n  if (x.style.display === \"none\") {\n    x.style.display = \"block\";\n  } else {\n    x.style.display = \"none\";\n  }\n}\n<\/script><\/p>\n<div class=\"moc-toc hide-on-desktop hide-on-tablet\">\n<div><button onclick=\"QEy_Function()\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/toc2.svg\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" alt=\"show or hide table of contents\"><\/button><\/p>\n<p>On this page<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<nav id=\"QEy\" style=\"display:none;\">\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toc-h2\"><a href=\"#Contractions\" class=\"smooth-scroll\">Contractions<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toc-h2\"><a href=\"#Abbreviating_Years\" class=\"smooth-scroll\">Abbreviating Years<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toc-h2\"><a href=\"#Its_vs_It%E2%80%99s\" class=\"smooth-scroll\">Its vs. It\u2019s<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toc-h2\"><a href=\"#Plurals\" class=\"smooth-scroll\">Plurals<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toc-h2\"><a href=\"#Possessives\" class=\"smooth-scroll\">Possessives<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toc-h2\"><a href=\"#Frequently_Asked_Questions\" class=\"smooth-scroll\">Frequently Asked Questions<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/nav>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"accordion\"><input id=\"transcript\" type=\"checkbox\" class=\"spoiler_button\" \/><label for=\"transcript\">Transcript<\/label><input id=\"FAQs\" type=\"checkbox\" class=\"spoiler_button\" \/><label for=\"FAQs\">FAQs<\/label>\n<div class=\"spoiler\" id=\"transcript-spoiler\">\n<p>Hi, and welcome to this video on apostrophes! As I\u2019m sure you know, the apostrophe is often misused, so in order to clear things up and help you use it correctly, we\u2019ll be looking over how they\u2019re used in contractions, plurals, and possessives.<\/p>\n<p>Let\u2019s get started!<\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"Contractions\" class=\"m-toc-anchor\"><\/span>Contractions<\/h2>\n<p>\nFirst, let\u2019s take a look at contractions. A contraction is a single word that is made up of two or more words that have been joined by an apostrophe.<\/p>\n<p>For example, the word <em>don\u2019t<\/em> is a contraction of the words do and not. Notice that the word not lost its \u201cO\u201d when it got joined with do. We make note that there used to be a letter there by putting the apostrophe in its place. The same goes for words like <em>he\u2019s<\/em>, <em>would\u2019ve<\/em>, and <em>y\u2019all<\/em>. The apostrophe takes the place of the <em>i<\/em> in <em>is<\/em>, the <em>ha<\/em> in <em>have<\/em>, and the <em>ou<\/em> in <em>you<\/em>.<\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"Abbreviating_Years\" class=\"m-toc-anchor\"><\/span>Abbreviating Years<\/h2>\n<p>\nWhen you are abbreviating a year to the last two digits, that would be considered a contraction. So, you need an apostrophe to replace the first two digits you removed.<\/p>\n<div class=\"transcriptcallout\">Class of \u201878<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0em;\">I like listening to music from the \u201880s.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Its vs. It&#8217;s<\/h2>\n<p>\nOne of the most common misuses of the apostrophe occurs with the word its. When the word is a contraction, you use an apostrophe. For example, \u201cIt\u2019s very cold outside.\u201d But, when the word is being used as a possessive pronoun, it should not include an apostrophe. Why? Because you aren\u2019t joining two words together. In the sentence \u201cThe dog chased its tail,\u201d you aren\u2019t saying \u201cthe dog chased it is tail,\u201d so there is no reason to add an apostrophe.<\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"Plurals\" class=\"m-toc-anchor\"><\/span>Plurals<\/h2>\n<p>\nNow that we\u2019ve looked at contractions, let\u2019s take a look at plurals. If you are trying to imply that there are multiples of something, then you would not use an apostrophe. Take this sentence, for example:<\/p>\n<div class=\"transcriptcallout\">In the early 1970&#8217;s, both of the Johnson&#8217;s earned PhD\u2019s.<\/div>\n<p>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\nAre these apostrophes taking the place of anything? In this case, no, so we can remove all three apostrophes from this sentence.<\/p>\n<p>Now, keep in mind that most things in English will have at least one exception, and plurals not containing apostrophes is one of those things. The rare exception here is when you are pluralizing single letters. For example:<\/p>\n<div class=\"transcriptcallout\">He received four A\u2019s and two B\u2019s.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0em;\">You can now replace the x\u2019s and y\u2019s in the equation.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\nSince these are single letters, we add the apostrophe to pluralize them.<\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"Possessives\" class=\"m-toc-anchor\"><\/span>Possessives<\/h2>\n<p>\nNow, let\u2019s finish up by talking about possessives. When you have a singular noun that is signifying possession, add an apostrophe and an s to the end of it, even if the singular noun already ends in s. For example:<\/p>\n<div class=\"transcriptcallout\">The doctor\u2019s bill<\/p>\n<p>The kid\u2019s shoe<\/p>\n<p>Bob Carl\u2019s number-one hit<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0em;\">The class\u2019s theme<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\nHowever, when showing possession of a <em>plural noun<\/em> that already ends in <em>s<\/em>, you would just add an apostrophe and not the extra <em>s<\/em>.<\/p>\n<div class=\"transcriptcallout\">The three actresses\u2019 scripts<\/div>\n<p>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\nIf the plural noun does not already end in <em>s<\/em>, then you would add an apostrophe followed by an <em>s<\/em>.<\/p>\n<div class=\"transcriptcallout\">All of the children\u2019s toys<\/div>\n<p>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\nNow, there is an exception to this rule.<\/p>\n<p>When the singular form of a noun ending in <em>s<\/em> is the same as the plural, the possessives of both are formed by the addition of an apostrophe only. Here\u2019s what this looks like:<\/p>\n<div class=\"transcriptcallout\">politics\u2019 true meaning<\/p>\n<p>economics\u2019 forerunners<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0em;\">this species\u2019 first record<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\nThe word <em>politics<\/em> is singular and ends with the letter <em>s<\/em>. Since the plural form of the word also ends with <em>s<\/em>, we place an apostrophe at the end to make it possessive. The same goes for <em>economics<\/em> and <em>species<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>I hope that this video was helpful! Thanks for watching, and happy studying!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spoiler\" id=\"FAQs-spoiler\">\n<h2 style=\"text-align:center\"><span id=\"Frequently_Asked_Questions\" class=\"m-toc-anchor\"><\/span>Frequently Asked Questions<\/h2>\n<div class=\"faq-list\">\n<div class=\"qa_wrap\">\n<div class=\"q_item text_bold\">\n<h4 class=\"letter\">Q<\/h4>\n<p style=\"line-height: unset;\">What is an apostrophe?<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"a_item\">\n<h4 class=\"letter text_bold\">A<\/h4>\n<p>An apostrophe (\u2018) is a mark that is used to show possession or the absence of letters in a contraction. Here are examples of each usage:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u201cThis is Clara\u2019s jacket.\u201d<br \/>\u201cI can\u2019t remember what time the show starts.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"qa_wrap\">\n<div class=\"q_item text_bold\">\n<h4 class=\"letter\">Q<\/h4>\n<p style=\"line-height: unset;\">When do you use an apostrophe?<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"a_item\">\n<h4 class=\"letter text_bold\">A<\/h4>\n<p>An apostrophe is used to show possession or the absence of letters in a contraction. Here are examples of each usage:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u201cThe tiger\u2019s claws are very sharp.\u201d<br \/>\u201cThese shoes aren\u2019t very comfortable.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"qa_wrap\">\n<div class=\"q_item text_bold\">\n<h4 class=\"letter\">Q<\/h4>\n<p style=\"line-height: unset;\">When do you put an apostrophe after s?<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"a_item\">\n<h4 class=\"letter text_bold\">A<\/h4>\n<p>After the s of a plural noun or pronoun, add an apostrophe to show possession. Here are a couple of examples:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u201cAstronomers study the planets\u2019 orbits.\u201d<br \/>\u201cAll of the students\u2019 grades were better than expected this semester.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"home-buttons\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mometrix.com\/academy\/writing\/\">Return to Writing Videos<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Return to Writing Videos<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":97813,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":{"0":"post-1034","1":"page","2":"type-page","3":"status-publish","4":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"page_category-video-pages-for-study-course-sidebar-ad","7":"page_category-writing-videos","8":"page_type-video","9":"subject_matter-english"},"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO Pro 4.9.8 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The apostrophe is a punctuation mark which is often misused in contractions, plurals, and possessives. 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